Botanical Name: Sorghum bicolor
Chromosome Number: 2n = 20
Forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a versatile and high-yielding crop that is primarily cultivated for animal feed. It is a warm-season grass that thrives in areas with hot summers and moderate rainfall. Here are some guidelines for cultivating forage sorghum:
Soil Preparation: Forage sorghum prefers well-drained soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. Before planting, prepare the soil by plowing or discing to a depth of 6 to 8 inches. Incorporate any necessary soil amendments or fertilizers based on soil test results.
Planting Time: Forage sorghum should be planted when the soil temperature reaches around 60°F (15°C) or higher. This typically occurs after the last frost date in your region. The specific planting time may vary depending on your location. Consult with your local agricultural extension office for the best planting dates in your area.
Variety Selection: Choose a forage sorghum variety that is well-suited for your intended purpose, such as grazing or silage production. Consider factors like yield potential, disease resistance, and maturity date. Popular forage sorghum varieties include Sweet Sudan, Brown Midrib (BMR), and Forage Sorghum-Sudangrass hybrids.
Planting Method: Forage sorghum can be planted using either direct seeding or transplanting. Direct seeding is the most common method. Plant seeds at a depth of 1 to 2 inches and space them about 6 to 12 inches apart in rows that are 30 to 36 inches apart. The seeding rate may vary depending on the variety and purpose, so refer to the specific recommendations for your chosen variety.
Fertilization: Apply fertilizers based on soil test results and the specific nutrient requirements of forage sorghum. Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are the primary macronutrients needed. Apply a balanced fertilizer at planting, and consider side-dressing with additional nitrogen during the growing season to support optimal growth.
Weed and Pest Control: Weed competition can significantly impact forage sorghum yields. Prior to planting, control weeds by using herbicides or mechanical methods. Monitor the crop regularly for insect pests and diseases. Consult with your local agricultural extension office or a crop specialist for guidance on pest management strategies.
Irrigation: Forage sorghum requires adequate moisture for optimal growth. Supplemental irrigation may be necessary, especially during dry spells or in areas with limited rainfall. Aim for 1 to 1.5 inches of water per week, either through rainfall or irrigation, to support healthy plant development.
Harvesting: The ideal time to harvest forage sorghum depends on the intended use and maturity of the crop. For grazing purposes, sorghum can be grazed when it reaches a height of 18 to 24 inches. For silage production, harvest when the plants are in the soft-dough to hard-dough stage, which typically occurs around 70 to 75 days after planting. Consider using a forage harvester or chopper for efficient harvest.
Storage: If you're producing sorghum silage, store it in a well-sealed silo or bunker to preserve its quality. Proper packing and covering of the silage help to reduce spoilage and maintain nutritional value.
Remember to consult with local agricultural experts, extension offices, or experienced farmers in your area to get specific recommendations based on your location and conditions.
