Botanical Name: Trifolium alexandrinum
Chromosome Number: 2n = 16
Forage berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) is a cool-season legume that is widely cultivated for livestock feed. It is known for its high yield potential, palatability, and nutritional value. Here are some guidelines for cultivating forage berseem:
1. Climate and Soil Requirements: Forage berseem performs best in areas with mild winters and moderate summers. It grows well in well-drained loamy soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.0. It is important to ensure adequate soil fertility by incorporating organic matter and following soil test recommendations.
2. Planting Time: Forage berseem is typically sown in the late summer or early fall season, depending on the region and climate. It grows best in temperatures between 50°F and 77°F (10°C to 25°C). Consult with local agricultural extension services or experienced farmers in your area to determine the best planting time.
3. Seed Selection and Sowing: Select high-quality berseem seeds from reputable sources. There are different berseem varieties available, so choose the one that suits your climate and farming goals. The recommended seeding rate is usually around 15 to 20 pounds per acre (17 to 22 kilograms per hectare). Sow the seeds using a seed drill or by broadcasting them evenly over the prepared seedbed.
4. Fertilization: Before planting, conduct a soil test to determine the nutrient requirements of the soil. Berseem generally benefits from nitrogen fixation through its symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria. However, it may still require additional phosphorus and potassium fertilizers based on the soil test results. Consult with local experts for specific fertilizer recommendations.
5. Weed Control: Weed competition can significantly affect berseem yields. Adequately prepare the seedbed by removing existing weeds before sowing. After planting, use appropriate herbicides or mechanical methods to control weeds without harming the berseem crop. Consult with local agricultural experts for effective weed management strategies.
6. Irrigation: Berseem requires adequate moisture for optimum growth. Provide regular irrigation to maintain soil moisture levels. The crop generally requires 1 to 2 inches of water per week, either through rainfall or irrigation. Monitor the soil moisture content and adjust irrigation accordingly to avoid water stress or over-watering.
7. Harvesting: Berseem can be harvested multiple times during its growth period. The first harvest can be done when the plants reach a height of around 12 to 18 inches (30 to 45 centimeters). Cut the plants close to the ground using a sickle or a mower. Subsequent harvests can be done every 30 to 40 days, depending on regrowth. Proper timing of harvest is important to maximize yield and maintain quality.
8. Storage and Utilization: Berseem can be used for green fodder, hay production, or silage. If used for silage, ensure proper fermentation by compacting and sealing the harvested material in a silo or a bunker to exclude air. For hay production, dry the harvested plants in the field until the moisture content is around 15% to 20% and bale them for storage.
9. Crop Rotation: To maintain soil health and prevent diseases, practice crop rotation by rotating berseem with other crops. Alternating with non-legume crops helps break disease cycles and replenish soil nutrients.
